![]() The Great Powers supported Greece to regain its independence and following a decisive battle in the Navarino Bay a cease fire was agreed in London (see Treaty of London (1827)). Most importantly, the country lacked international recognition and had no robust alliances in the Western world.įollowing the recapture of the Greek territories by the Ottoman Empire, the Great Powers of that time (the British Empire, the Russian Empire and the Kingdom of France) saw the Greek counter-offensive as an opportunity to weaken the Ottoman Empire further and in essence increase their influence in the Eastern Mediterranean. However, the new Greek State was politically unstable and lacked the resources to preserve its territoriality in the long-term. In January 1822, the First National Assembly of Epidaurus passed the Greek Declaration of Independence (part of the country's First Constitution), which affirmed the sovereignty of Greece. Following a region-wide struggle that lasted several months, the Greek War of Independence led to the establishment of the first autonomous Greek State since the mid-15th century. In 1821, the Greek-speaking populations of Peloponnesus revolted against the Ottoman Empire. It was put down by the Ottomans, but the torch had been lit and by the end of the same month the Peloponnese was in open revolt. Many revolts were planned across the Greek region and the first of them was launched on 6 March 1821, in the Danubian principalities. Soon after they initiated a fourth member, Panagiotis Anagnostopoulos from Andritsaina. The three founders were Nikolaos Skoufas from the Arta province, Emmanuil Xanthos from Patmos and Athanasios Tsakalov from Ioannina. ![]() Its purpose was to unite all Greeks in an armed organization to overthrow Turkish rule. In the context of ardent desire for independence from Turkish occupation, and with the explicit influence of similar secret societies elsewhere in Europe, three Greeks came together in 1814 in Odessa to decide the constitution for a secret organization in freemasonic fashion. Main articles: Filiki Eteria and Background of the Greek War of Independence 4.9 Postwar Greece and the fall of the monarchy (1950–1973).4.6 Restoration of Monarchy and the 4th of August Regime.4.5 1914–1924: World War I, crises, and the first abolition of the monarchy.4.4.3.1 Confrontations off the Dardanelles.4.4.3 Naval operations in the Aegean and Ionian seas. ![]() 2 Preparation of the Greek War of Independence.The Kingdom was finally dissolved in the aftermath of a seven-year military dictatorship (1967–1974) and the Third Hellenic Republic was established following a referendum held in 1974. A military coup d'état restored the monarchy in 1935 and Greece became a Kingdom again until 1973. The Kingdom of Greece was dissolved in 1924 and the Second Hellenic Republic was established following Greece's defeat by Turkey in the Asia Minor Campaign. It was internationally recognised by the Treaty of Constantinople, where Greece also secured its full independence from the Ottoman Empire after nearly four centuries. The Kingdom of Greece ( Greek: Βασίλειον τῆς Ἑλλάδος ) was established in 1832 and was the successor state to the First Hellenic Republic. ^ Katharevousa was the conservative form of the Modern Greek language used both for literary and official purposes, though seldom in daily language.^ On 1 June 1973, the Greek military junta unilaterally abolished the monarchy, then held a rigged referendum on 29 July 1973.
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